Homework 6/10/13

26. Metallic elements are more likely to lose electrons and become cations.

27. Noble gases are unreactive and chemically inert (stable).

28.
(all metals lose electrons and nonmetals gain electrons) 
a. Na: cation
b. Ca: cation
c. F: anion
d. Cu: anion
e. O: anion
f. Li: cation
g. Sn: cation
h. I: anion 

29. Copper metal and copper (II) ions are more similar chemically because copper metals form cations, and copper metal and copper (II) ions are only different because of the absence of 2 electrons. 

30. 
156+254=410
410/2=205
205 pm 

31. 
a. Chemical cause: if something rusts or if a banana turns brown (must be a permanent color change) 
physical cause: painting a substance 
b. chemical cause: combustion 
physical cause: boiling a substance which raises the temperature 
c. chemical cause: carbon and oxygen mixed make carbon dioxide 
physical cause: when boiling water, the water vapor is a gas 

32. 
a. Bromine (Br) 
b. Silicon (Si) 

33. Mendeleev organized the periodic table by horizontal rows which increase by atomic weight and vertical columns that contain elements with similar properties. In the snake river data, we had to compare the different masses among the substances. Therefore, both used masses to reach to a conclusion. 

34. Co with a atomic weight of 58.93, would have had to be placed after Ni with a atomic weight of 58.69. Also, Ar, with an atomic weight of 39.95, would have had to be placed after K, with an atomic weight of 39.10.

1. The atmosphere provides nitrogen, oxygen, neon, and argon. 
The hydrosphere contains water and some dissolved minerals. 
The lithosphere provides petroleum and metal-bearing ores 

2. 
a. The lithosphere is made up of it's crust, mantle, and core. The crust is 40 km, and is a thin band of soil and rock which contain major raw materials. The mantle is 40-2900 km, and is the middle layer of the lithosphere. Finally, the core is 2900 km, and is the earth's center. 
b. The crust serves as the main storehouse of chemical resources used in manufacturing consumer products. 

3. 
a. silver: Mexico 
b. copper: Japan 
c. tin: China

4. China produces the largest masses of the eight listed resources in the table. 

5. Ores are naturally occurring rocks or minerals that can be mined and from which are profitable to extract a metal or other metal. Minerals are naturally occurring solid compounds containing the element or group of elements of interest. 

6. 

-the quantity of useful ore found at the site.

-the percent of metal in the ore. 
-the type of mining and processing needed to extract the metal from its ore. 
-the distance between the mine and metal-refining facilities and markets.
-the metal's supply-versus-demand status. 
-the environmental impact of the mining and metal processing. 

7. If after 100 years to mine opened, the gold probably had replenished. 

8. Useful ores means the amount of the desired mineral being mined.